V. A. Zavyalov. « The Fortifications of the City of Gyaur Kala, Merv », in : J. Cribb, G. Herrmann, eds., After Alexander. Central Asia before Islam. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2007, pp. 313-329. (Proceedings of the British Academy, 133)
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1The excavations of the Turkmen-British International Merv Project between 1997-2003 focused their attention to the fortification walls of Gyaur Kala, revealing a complex sequence of building phases for the defences. In at least three main phases (Graeco-Bactrian period, early and middle Sasanian periods), the walls were substantially redesigned and the defensive system changed. The author traces a history of the previous excavations and follows the development of the city walls (with ten different phases of utilization), comparing the defensive system with other walls of Asia Minor and Central Asia. The importance of Gyaur Kala’s fortification system lies in the fact that it shed light on the development of military technologies for Central Asia over a period of about thirteen centuries.
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Carlo Lippolis, « V. A. Zavyalov. « The Fortifications of the City of Gyaur Kala, Merv », in : J. Cribb, G. Herrmann, eds., After Alexander. Central Asia before Islam. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2007, pp. 313-329. (Proceedings of the British Academy, 133) », Abstracta Iranica [En ligne], Volume 30 | 2010, document 50, mis en ligne le 08 avril 2010, consulté le 28 mars 2024. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/abstractairanica/37605 ; DOI : https://doi.org/10.4000/abstractairanica.37605
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